Easter thoughts…

On Sunday, you may have noticed I wished you a Happy Resurrection Day rather than a Happy Easter. It seems that I’m not the only one who prefers to refer to our saviour’s resurrection than a pagan fertility festival. I’d been planning to make exactly the same point as Ted Slater does in his blog post, so it’s an odd bit of synchronicity to see him get in first seemingly independently. Perhaps we both caught the same meme from somewhere recently.

Bev and I had a really nice Easter weekend up in North Wales, staying with my family but also spending the afternoon and evening of Sunday with her family. But it strikes me that our celebration of Easter isn’t as, well, celebratory as it could be. It’s good that it’s not as horrendously commercialised as Christmas, but shouldn’t we be making more of a fuss of the fact that Jesus has rescued us from our sin, defeated death and ascended to the throne of the universe?

I came across an intriguing article by Theo Hobson suggesting an “Easter Rising“:

At present Easter is a non-event. It is the quiet orderly festival of a tradition-minded middle-class and also of a religious subculture – its religious aspect is hardly noticed by the average person. I consider this the most appalling failure of our Christian culture – the fact that nothing really happens on Easter Day. Of course you might go to church if you’re that way inclined, but even then it’s likely to be a non-event. The service probably won’t feel very different from normal. And then it’s a normal Sunday, on which you’ll probably see your family, eat chocolate and watch telly. The evening news will report the messages of the pope and the archbishop of Canterbury – and that’s really the only intrusion of Easter into the public square…

Easter ought to be a massive public event. It ought to be the biggest event in British culture. It ought to be like every carnival and festival and demonstration rolled into one. It ought to be noisy, spectacular. It ought to be something that every young person wants to go to – just as they want to go to the Notting Hill Carnival – to have a look, taste the atmosphere, have a dance, meet up with friends. An excuse for a day out.

Read the whole article to see what he reckons we should do about it.

Shane Claiborne of the Simple Way community writes about Easter on the God’s Politics blog:

In our little circles, we’ve been talking a lot about the need to create new holidays and rituals of remembrance as a Church–this peculiar, set-apart people of God. The early Christians talked a lot about how they no longer celebrated the “festivals of the Caesars” or the holidays of the empire, but had new eyes through which they looked at the world (this is a major theme of our new book Jesus for President). They had a new calendar. They had new heroes and sheroes (not just kings and presidents and fallen warriors). And they had new liturgies and songs. That’s what Holy Week is all about, a new holiday–Easter is our President’s Day. And our Holy Week here in Philly was magnificent, a stunning celebration of the Commander-in-Chief who loved His enemies so much He died for them.

Meanwhile, over at Blog and Mablog, Doug Wilson writes on the public nature of Jesus’ death and resurrection:

The resurrection of the Lord was a public event, just as His death was. This means that the principalities and powers, however much they would like to change the rules of the game now, cannot turn this into a private religion. They executed Him in public, and they posted guards, paid at the taxpayers’ expense. This means that government employees were the first witnesses of the resurrection, and nothing can be done about it now. If they wanted Christians to worship Jesus within the confines of our hearts only, they should have executed Him in the confines of their hearts only.

But they did not, and He died in public. They did not, and so He rose again and appeared publicly to hundreds of people. And consequently, the Lord told us to declare these realities—again publicly—to the entire world. That is what we are engaged in doing, and that is the process that cannot be stopped until the earth is as full of the knowledge of the risen Lord as the waters cover the sea.

So the big question is: how can we faithfully, creatively and publicly celebrate Easter with renewed joy and life and vigour?

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Happy Resurrection Day!

Wishing you an amazing day celebrating Jesus’ victory over sin, death and the grave, and looking forward to the return of the risen Jesus, when the dead will rise and creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay.

Where, o death, is your victory? Where, o death, is your sting?

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China Trip – Day 14: The journey home

The last in a series of posts detailing my adventures in China exactly one year ago (give or take a few days). I intend to finish off with a few thoughts on my trip one year on sometimes in the next few days.

Extract from my journal:
Saturday 10th March 2007

The plane is somewhere over the North Sea, and we’ll soon be coming in to land at Heathrow. Today is literally a long day for me, eight hours longer than usual because of the time difference, and I pray the jetlag won’t affect me too badly.

We had some time for some last minute shopping in Shanghai before leaving this morning, and I got a Chinese jacket from a shop near the hotel. Jay bought one that’s made from real silk, and had it tailored to him overnight. I got a rather cheaper one, that’s still very nice and distinctive, and which fitted me very well straight off.

We were slightly late checking in, and were further held up when the bijiu in Laura’s baggage set off an alarm as the luggage went through security! Once on the plane, I tried to sleep, but didn’t much, and I want to try and adapt to British time as quickly as I can. I’ve been reading Hudson Taylor’s biography, and it’s really challenging to read about his life and faith. I’d like to help reach China with the Gospel, but need to seek God’s guidance on how best to serve him. I feel firstly called to engage with British culture, but hopefully I can find ways of supporting from home.

I’ve also been writing notes for my dissertation, History essay and election campaign – the following weeks will be very busy! In a way it’s sad that the trip is over, but I’m glad to be almost home.

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A few thoughts on Calvinism…

I’m currently reading Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. He writes in his introduction of 1559 that “it has been my purpose in this labour to prepare and instruct candidates in sacred theology for the reading of the divine Word, in order that they may be able both to have easy access to it and to advance in it without stumbling”. That’s basically why I’m reading it: not necessarily to agree with Calvin, but through reading it and considering his ideas, to develop my understanding of what the Bible teaches, and where necessary to adjust my thinking in light of what God’s Word says.

One area I want to understand better is the relationship between God’s sovereignty and man’s responsibility and freedom. I’ve occasionally referred to myself as a “freewill Calvinist”, mainly to be provocative and wind up Swithun (who’s an open theist a.k.a. a heretic). But I’ve got a serious point: although I generally agree with Calvinism, with its insistence that our salvation is all of God, it seems to me that our lack of free will in the area of salvation does not mean that we don’t have free will generally, and that God’s complete sovereignty and free will properly understood can in fact go together.

Reading the Institutes has confirmed my suspicion that we often misread theologians of the past when they discuss free will, because they are discussing it not in the sense of freewill vs. determinism, but man’s works vs. God’s grace. (I think this is in part because of the problems that scientific naturalism raises for free will)

Book 2, chapter 2 is entitled “Man Has Now Been Deprived of Freedom of Choice and Bound Over to Miserable Servitude”. But is this talking about freedom of choice in general, or freedom of the choice to reject sin and choose God?

“Now in the schools, three kinds of freedom are distinguished: first from necessity, second from sin, third from misery. The first of these so inheres in man by nature that it cannot possibly be taken away, but the two others have been lost through sin. I willingly accept this distinction, except in so far as necessity is falsely confused with compulsion…”
(Institutes of the Christian Religion, II, ii, iv.)

In the following chapter, Calvin argues that “man sins of necessity, but without compulsion”:

For man, when he gave himself over to this necessity [of sinning], was not deprived of will, but of soundness of will. Not inappropriately Bernard teaches that to will is in us all: but to will good is gain; to will evil, loss. Therefore simply to will is of man; to will ill, of a corrupt nature; to will well, of grace.
(Institutes of the Christian Religion, II, iii, v.)

So the loss of free will Calvin talks about seems to be the loss of the free will to “will well”. That doesn’t mean we’re robots, just that choosing the true good, which always involves loving God, is outside the reach of our wills because of the Fall.

But if free will in the general sense is compatible with a Calvinistic understanding of salvation, is it compatible with a Calvinistic understanding of the sovereignty of God generally? I suspect that it is, but I’ll come back to this question later.

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China Trip – Day 12-13: Winding down in Wuhan

Part of a series of posts detailing my adventures in China exactly one year ago (give or take a day or two!)

Extract from my journal:
Thursday 8th to Friday 9th March 2007

Not as much to say about the last couple of days. There’s a feeling of tiredness setting in, of the end being near, and people’s patience is just that bit thinner by now. But happily it hasn’t produced any real arguments or division, and we’ve been able to enjoy a somewhat quieter time yesterday in Wuhan and today in Wuhan and then Shanghai.

Yesterday Jessica took charge to give Greg some time off. We went to a Buddhist restaurant which sells vegetarian meals that look and taste uncannily like meat. We went up a pagoda, got a ferry across the Yangzi, lost Holly and Laura when they got off the ferry a stop early, went to the Hankou colonial quarter, were reunited with Holly and Laura, looked round the shops, got delicious dumpling and took taxis back to the hotel.

This morning we visited a couple of historical sites, but were a bit tired to appreciate them. We did a little more shopping, and went to a fast food restaurant, Chinese-style, before heading to the airport to catch our flight to Shanghai.

It was rather strange to arrive in Shanghai a second time, returning to the same hotel (indeed, many of us to the same rooms). We went back to the restaurant where we went on our first night. We share a bittersweet feeling of being sad that the trip is almost over and that we must return to the ordinary routine of work, and looking forward to the pleasures of home and friends and familiarity.

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China Trip – Day 11: Out to the village

Part of a series of posts detailing my adventures in China exactly one year ago (give or take a day or two!).

Extract from my journal:
Wednesday 7th March 2007

I’m writing this on Thursday morning, and yesterday was the maddest, most fascinating, most genuinely Chinese day of the trip. We woke early on the overnight train, and got off at Hankou, making our way through the chaos of the station into the Wuhan morning. After breakfast at the Riverside Hotel, which we’ll be staying at when we return to Wuhan, we headed out by coach to Suizhou – a “small” city of 2.5 million people. The coach driver got a bit lost once we arrived in Suizhou, but we got a taxi driver to show us the way to our hotel.

We then went to the school that we’d arranged to visit. It’s massive: 6,000 students, and they had a great bit banner across one of the school buildings saying “Welcome to Mr Greg Benton and Our Other Foreign Friends”, and a “reception” for us. We were ushered into a lecture theatre, where the pupils stood and applauded us as we arrived, and the headmaster made a speech in our honour. We were treated like celebrities, and bombarded with questions about life in Britain, giving Greg a chance to slag off British food in general and fish and chips in particular!

The attention lavished on us felt utterly bizarre and was strangely intoxicating, especially when we went to this square surrounded on three sides by tower blocks in which many of the students live, and loads of them came out on the balconies to see us! But we had other people and places to visit, so we had to move on. It was quite fun being treated in this way, even if I was told by a Chinese lad that I look like the President of Iran! (It could be worse: Laura was told she looks like Harry Potter.) The pupil’s English was very good, and they wanted photos with us and our email addresses – crazy.

We then headed out to have lunch with some of Greg’s relatives in a town called Lushan, which was even less developed. The toilet facilities in particular were very primative – concrete holes in the floor that seemed to empty directly into the river outside! But the lunch provided for us, which included many local delicacies, was amazing, and really tasty, especially this special pork dish. Greg’s brother-in-law paid for this great spread of food, and we were joined by his father-in-law, an old Chinese fellow who had been head of his village for many years, who was very pleased to see us.

After that, we went to a nearby nursery or kindergarten. The little children were really sweet, but rather nervous of us. They have already been taught a little English, and the teacher got them to chant “Ha-llo, how are yoo?” to us when we arrived! We found that the way to get their attention was with our digital cameras, which they were fascinated by. We gave them some children’s toys and picture books as gifts, as well as some sweets.

We then went up to Greg’s in-laws’ village, along a straight rough road. This really was rural, with chickens and waterbuffalo by the side of the road, and the paddy fields beyond. Eventually the coach had taken us as far as it could, and we got out to walk the short distance along the dirt track and across the rough bridge to our next stop, the Wushu centre, where the local boys go to learn martial arts.

On arriving, we had to wait outside a short while, and when we entered the courtyard – wham! All the boys were doing this demonstration of their craft, all doing the same moves in unison, each smack of the hand and stamp of the feet repeated a hundredfold. We then attempted to copy one of them doing these moves, which was a right laugh! The boys range from around four years old up to their mid-teens. The conditions are very basic, living in cold, rough sleeping quarters. In our money, it costs around £200 pounds for them to stay there the entire year to train.

We then went up to the grave of Greg’s grandfather-in-law. He was a guerrilla fighter in the Red Army against the Japanese, and head of the village afterwards. He suffered in the Cultural Revolution because he had kept one wardrobe that had belonged to the local landlord who had been overthrown. When Greg’s wife was a small child, soldiers had attempted to make her renounce him, her very own grandfather who had brought her up, but she had cried so much they let her off.

He died in 1993. Communists were supposed to be cremated, but he wanted to be buried, so his friends stole the body to bury it on the hillside behind the village in the traditional way. The Party, knowing that he was a lifelong loyal Communist, turned a blind eye. And so it was on this hillside, with the sun setting over the village and rice fields, that we watched as his family burned paper money for him to spend in the afterlife, and set off fireworks to scare off the evil spirits, and Greg and his father in law bowed to the grave to pay their respects to their ancestor.

We went back through the rough brick village houses, which has red signs and banners up on the doors for the new year period, to the home of another of Greg’s relatives for a banquet provided by his father in law. The food was specially prepared for us – they had slaughtered a pig in our honour a couple of weeks ago!

Two of the English teachers from the school we visited, one of whom was a friend and classmate of Greg’s wife, had come with us for the day, and it was interesting talking to one of them about the local religious beliefs. The family had a Buddhist shrine in their house, and the teacher I talked to was aware of Christianity, but knew very little of what it was about.

Many of the village wandered in to see the foreign visitors. Greg was the only foreigner who had ever been to the village before, so to have sixteen of us was a great novelty. One of those present was the Communist Party village secretary, a battleaxe of a woman who was trying to jolly everyone into drinking and rice eating contests. Greg kept on insisting increasingly tipsily that she was an amazing woman, the most amazing woman in all of China. But she didn’t take kindly to my refusal of the offer of more bijiu, the extremely alcoholic white spirit. When she wasn’t looking, I tipped most of mine into my rice bowl, since I’d finished eating. But then she filled all of our bowls with a big dollop of rice for a rice eating contest, gobbling hers down in seconds! My rice soaked up the bijiu, tasting absolutely foul, so my cunning ploy backfired badly!

But their hospitality and friendliness was amazing, despite the language barrier. Greg’s father in law was very sweet, smiling widely and bowing to us all as he saw us off on the bus as we headed back to the hotel in Suizhou. This day felt like a proper taste of China, rather than just a tourist visit, and for that reason is the highlight of the trip.

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China Trip – Day 10: Train Travels

Part of a series of posts detailing my adventures in China exactly one year ago (give or take a day!).

Extract from my journal:
Tuesday 6th March 2007

Here we are on the sleeper train somewhere in the middle of China, en route from Xi’an to Wuhan, from which we will head to to Suizhou to visit Greg’s in-laws in their village. It’s nice to have more time to chat with the group – I went through to the dining carriage and joined Greg, Jessica, Alex (“Macky”) and Patrick for a beer, which was actually quite nice. Greg is a really interesting character – in in the sixties was thrown out of Cambridge University for a year for painting “Free Mandela” on one of the chapels before most people had even heard of Nelson Mandela, went to Italy and joined the Communist Party there! And of course married a Chinese lady at some point, hence the relatives we’ll soon be visiting.

The train is moving again. This morning we went to the Provincial Museum, which was fairly interesting. We were left to get out own lunch, and a bunch of us went to KFC! Siobhan enjoyed tucking in to a chicken. She started out the trip as a vegetarian, but the difficulty of maintaining a vegetarian diet in China, along with a bit of a counter-reaction to Jessica’s more militant vegetarianism, has led to her chucking in the towel.

First thing in the morning, I did some election stuff online including talking to my housemates on Messenger. Ian thought it was funny to drop in words like “democracy”, “Taiwan”, “Tiananmen Square” and so on into conversation! I’m rather apprehensive about handling everything when I get back – jet-lag, my uni work, campaigning. I guess I need to depend on God and trust it will work out best as he plans, even if that isn’t necessarily what I might want or expect.

We began this train journey early afternoon, so we’ve got a lot more waking hours on board than our previous journey. Greg organised a Chinese lesson for us, so we all bundled in to one of the compartments with our language textbooks. We practised asking and giving directions – the people on the train must have been quite bemused to hear a bunch of Westerners chanting phrases like “The toilet is on the left hand side” in unison in Chinese! We’ve not had as much chance to practise our Chinese as I might have hoped, but hopefully the trip to Suizhou will be a bit less touristy.

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The Muslim Jesus

Yesterday evening I went along to an event on “The Muslim Jesus” put on by Cardiff University Islamic Society as part of their awareness week, as did several other members of the Christian Union. Between us, we were able to raise quite a number of questions about the Muslim version of events, which led to some interesting discussion.

The event began with a screening of a documentary of that title recently shown on ITV, explaining the place of Jesus in Islam. It’s worth watching, and I learned quite a bit from it, even though the repeated refrain of “Not many Christians realise…” gets a bit irritating – I don’t think that many Christians are ignorant that Islam hold Jesus in esteem as a prophet and contains versions of the Biblical stories, but perhaps I’m overestimating the general religious education of the church. I’ve embedded the first part from YouTube below, and there are links to the rest.

(Part 2, 3, 4, 5)

They also had a guest speaker to field questions as part of the discussion that followed, whose name I have unfortunately forgotten. He claimed that there were other Gospels, written earlier than the canonical Gospels, that taught that Jesus didn’t die and rise. I asked him to give more information to back up this claim, since to my knowledge all the apocryphal “gospels” were written later, usually pseudonymously or with doubts about their authenticity, and with notably different theology, often gnostic. He then claimed that these gospels had existed, but all evidence of them had been destroyed by the church. It’s a bit hard to argue with an unfalsifiable argument like that – and also very hard to be convinced by such an argument! But we all agreed that it’s important to go back and consider the primary sources themselves.

(Wikipedia tells me a minority of scholars claim, controversially, that the Gospel of Thomas was written before the canonical Gospels. It doesn’t talk about Jesus death and resurrection, but it contains only supposed sayings of Jesus and no narrative of his life, so it’s misleading to say it teaches that Jesus didn’t die and rise).

Muslims believe that the Torah and Gospels originally taught the same message as Islam, but have been corrupted by Jews and Christians. One question I didn’t get to ask, but would be interested to put to Muslims, is whether the Qur’an could in principle become corrupted? If not, why didn’t God similarly preserve the Torah and the Gospels? If so, how do we know that the Qur’an can be trusted?

The other main bone of contention is Jesus’ death and resurrection. According to the Muslim version of events, Jesus did not die, but was taken up into heaven by angels. The Qur’an states:

That they said (in boast), “We killed Christ Jesus the son of Mary, the Messenger of Allah”;- but they killed him not, nor crucified him, but so it was made to appear to them, and those who differ therein are full of doubts, with no (certain) knowledge, but only conjecture to follow, for of a surety they killed him not:- Nay, Allah raised him up unto Himself; and Allah is Exalted in Power, Wise.

Qur’an 4:157

Islamic scholars apparently have different theories on how this divine sleight-of-hand happened. Some say that Judas was made to look like Jesus, and he was the one who died on the Cross. This still leaves the problem of explaining the empty tomb – if Judas died and was buried instead of Jesus, and wasn’t raised from the dead, why wasn’t his body still in the grave on the third day?

One of the Islamic society suggested that Allah did this to “test our faith” (the same kind of argument that Creationists sometimes fall back on when they’re getting desperate). The idea that the evidence might point to one thing, but this is only because God somehow miraculously and deceitfully rigged it is almost always the sign of a floundering argument!

(As an aside, this thought occurred to me recently: almost all of the theological differences between Islam and Christianity ultimately come down to the trinity and the incarnation. To expand, all other differences, over how we are saved, the possibility of assurance, the treatment of women, the nature of revelation, the relationship between religion and state, and so on, are all consequences of Islam’s rejection of God being three persons in one God, and of the Son becoming flesh and making his dwelling among us.)

Between the points raised by Pete, Dai, Sarah and a few other people and myself, I don’t think the Christian view of Jesus came out too badly, I’m glad to say, and I hope it was mutually informative. I took a few booklets from the stall the Isoc had up afterwards to look at. Hopefully the event will stir up further thought and discussion among both the Christians and Muslims who attended.

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China Trip – Day 9: The Terracotta Warriors

Part of a series of posts detailing my adventures in China exactly one year ago (give or take a day!).

Extract from my journal:
Monday 5th March 2007

I’m almost too tired to write this journal, but I know how quickly events fade from my mind if I leave it, and so I write. I had to spend quite a bit of time online today dealing with my election campaign [for the Students’ Union elections, the campaigning for which started almost immediately after I arrived back in Cardiff!] – it’s a bit of a pain having to deal with them while out here.

More excitingly, we went to see the Terracotta Warriors. The scale of the Qin tomb and all the work that went into it is staggering. The Emperor ordered the start of his massive tomb complex while he was still a teenager, and was obsessed with cheating death, seeking to find the Elixir of Life, only to die from mercury poisoning from one attempt to find the elixir – oh, the irony. Apparently, at the time the tombs were built it was believed that in making a sculpture of someone, you captured their soul, and the point of the warriors was to give the Qin Emperor an army to take with him into the afterlife. It makes you wonder who or what he was expecting to meet there!

Unfortunately, they’ve built Milton bloody Keynes around the pits the warriors were discovered in – nasty modern complexes of shops and touristy venues. But our guide was an interesting young man who told us a bit about his own life and what it’s like to go to university in China – apparently they weren’t allowed girlfriends or boyfriends, in case they prove a distraction from their studies!

We also went to the Wild Goose Pagoda, which has a good view of Xi’an from the top, then back to the hotel and out to dinner (dodging the traffic to get there, as usual!), which included very large prawns. I’m enjoying getting to know the rest of the group better as the trip continues.

I need to get on with packing for Suizhou, our next destination, so I can get to bed!

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