Time warp

By Caleb | October 31, 2005

Not unusually, I got to bed later than I intended on Saturday evening. I thought I’d turned my alarm off, but instead it went off at 7:15am as per a weekday – arrgh! I was still very sleepy and set my alarm for another two hours and went back to sleep. That would leave me plenty of time to get up, get ready and go to church. But two hours later, rather than leaping enthusiastically out of bed, I just went “arrgh!” again and rolled over, and again went back to sleep.

I woke up at 10:15am, just as I knew that the Breaking of Bread service at Mackintosh would be starting. I got dressed, had breakfast and set out, knowing that I would at least arrive in time for tea and coffee in the interval before the Family Time service. But to my surprise, when I got in at what I thought was 11:15, rather than disappearing to the hall to get refreshments, everyone was just sitting down. A quick glance at the clock answered my confusion, as suddenly I remembered – the clocks had gone back.

And I’m very glad I did go to the Breaking of Bread service. It was really good, a great time of sharing together as we remembered Christ’s sacrifice for us. I got the best of both worlds – a lazy lie-in, and being in time for a really great church service!

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Websites I’ve been reading lately…

By Caleb | October 30, 2005

I’ve recently been browsing the Christian blogosphere and have blogrolled a few new interesting blogs recently. I’ve also been reading some good websites, so I’ll say a bit about them in a moment. One of the blogs I’ve discovered is The Blue Fish Project, that of Dave Bish, a UCCF staff worker for South East England, which is full of interesting comment and articles and stuff. I’ve also found Culture Watch: Thoughts of a Constructive Curmudgeon, which is the blog of Douglas Groothius, who wrote the book Truth Decay (among other things).

Focus on the Family have a new student website, TrueU. It seems to be a slightly snazzier repackaging of what they already do with Boundless, but with an added discussion forum and so some more obvious interaction between writers and readers. It’s aiming to be a “community for college students who want to know and confidently discuss the Christian worldview”. Although there’s something of a cultural gap since it’s an American site, it’s still good.

I’ve also been browsing UCCF‘s apologetics site, Bethinking, which has some good articles on lots of different subjects. One exciting development is that they’ve signed a deal with L’Abri (founded by Francis Schaeffer) to put MP3s of their talks online. I was looking recently to see if it was possible to download some of Schaeffer’s talks online, but couldn’t find anywhere to do so. I don’t know whether his stuff will be on there, but I’ve downloaded one talk on The Need for Apologetic Communities which sounds interesting.

By the way, I’ve just passed 7,000 hits since installing a counter at the beginning of the year – yay me!

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The Problem of Susan and other thorny issues of Narniology

By Caleb | October 24, 2005

What took him so long?

Yes, Philip Pullman, author of the His Dark Materials trilogy and Richard Dawkins of the literary world has been on the warpath against The Chronicles of Narnia again. When The Guardian ran a feature previewing the film a few weeks ago which described The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe as “a story of unimpeachable moral integrity from a golden age of British literature”, I knew that Philip Pullman would be spluttering away in indignation given his long-running jihad against the books. It took him longer than I expected for him to recommence the attack on C S Lewis, but he got there in the end when he spoke to The Observer to reiterate his criticisms of the books:

‘If the Disney Corporation wants to market this film as a great Christian story, they’ll just have to tell lies about it…’

The Narnia books, Pullman said, contained ‘…a peevish blend of racist, misogynistic and reactionary prejudice; but of love, of Christian charity, [there is] not a trace’.

Let’s have a look at an extract from The Last Battle by C S Lewis, the final volume in the Chronicles of Narnia:

“Sir,” said Tirian, when he had greeted all these. “If I have read the chronicle aright, there should be another. Has not your Majesty two sisters? Where is Queen Susan?”
“My sister Susan,” answered Peter shortly and gravely, “is no longer a friend of Narnia.”
“Yes,” said Eustace, “and whenever you’ve tried to get her to come and talk about Narnia or do anything about Narnia, she says, ‘What wonderful memories you have! Fancy you still thinking about all those funny games we used to play when we were children.'”
“Oh Susan!” said Jill. “She’s interested in nothing nowadays except nylons and lipstick and invitations. She always was a jolly sight too keen on being grown-up.”
“Grown-up, indeed,” said the Lady Polly. “I wish she would grow up. She waster all her school time wanting to be the age she is now, and she’ll waster all the rest of her life trying to stay that age. er whole idea is to race to the silliest time of one’s life as quick as she can and then stop there as long as she can.”

Short, isn’t it? But this passage has caused a lot of fuss! The comment about Susan being “interested in nothing nowadays except nylons and lipstick and invitations” has been said by some to show Susan becoming aware of her sexuality, which is the basis of Philip Pullman’s criticisms of Lewis on this point. He claims:

Susan, like Cinderella, is undergoing a transition from one phase of her life to another. Lewis didn’t approve of that. He didn’t like women in general, or sexuality at all, at least at the stage in his life when he wrote the Narnia books. He was frightened and appalled at the notion of wanting to grow up.

But read in context, “nylons and lipstick and invitations” is indicating Susan’s shallowness and superficiality. Polly corrects Jill – the problem is not that Susan is growing up, but rather that she’s not growing up enough. The passage doesn’t seem to me to be saying that “nylons and lipstick and invitations” are in themselves bad, but that Susan is very immature to make them the centre of her life even in to adulthood to the exclusion of all else, including Narnia. Lewis is in fact criticising Susan’s failure to grow up.

I’m puzzled about why Philip Pullman gets so annoyed with this. A similar situation in his books would have been if Lyra, when she was living with Mrs Coulter in London, on finding out about the Oblation Board and so on had decided that she liked the life of cocktail parties and nice clothes and so on, and so decided not to do anything about it, not to run away to the North, but to stay to enjoy her pampered lifestyle as Mrs Coulter’s pet. Such a decision would be weak-willed, shallow and wrong.

Lewis does perhaps occasionally reflect some of the prejudices of his time, which is a pity but hardly unusual. But Pullman (among others) seem determined to take all he writes in the worst possible sense – see Pullman’s blatantly false claim that “One girl was sent to hell because she was getting interested in clothes and boys” (article). Sadly, it seems that Pullman is intent on doing down Lewis on whatever score possible because of Lewis’s Christianity (as some Christians do to Pullman for his atheism, as it happens, equally sadly). We should give the benefit of the doubt to writers – be charitable in our readings, criticising where criticism is due, but not rushing out to gleefully attack authors for their perceived wrongs.

An interesting article from Mythlore discusses C S Lewis’s and Philip Pullman’s views of the Fall, in particular in relation to Susan. It argues that they do, in fact, share very similar views on the importance of growing up, but disagree fundamentally on the nature of the Fall in the Christian story. Well worth a read! It seems to me that Pullman confuses experiential innocence and moral innocence – he views the loss of moral innocence as a necessary part of growing up and hopefully becoming wise. According to Pullman, wisdom and moral innocence are mutually exclusive. That’s a very different assumption to Christian theology, and I think that Pullman’s problem with Christianity partly comes from arguing against a version of it based on his assumptions rather than taking it on its own terms.

Another of Pullman’s criticisms of Lewis’s writing is that it’s “anti-life”. Actually, I think Pullman has the glimmerings of a point on this one. The ending to The Last Battle is one where they all seem to disappear off into an afterlife, but that’s not where the story ends in Christianity. The Big Exciting Thing in Christianity is not that we have a wonderful afterlife to go to (though we get that in the meantime) but that there will be the resurrection – we have new life and the new creation to look forward to, at least if we are being made one with Christ through faith in him and so share in his death and resurrection. On the other hand, Aslan’s country is basically a “new creation”, but considering how much C S Lewis drew on the themes of Christianity in his books, I find it strange that the resurrection gets such short shrift.

But as for “love” being absent from the books – what version is Pullman reading of the Chronicles? Aslan’s self-sacrifice to save Edmund and Narnia, Mr Tumnus’ compassion for Lucy, the love the children have for each other, Diggory’s love of his mother, which is weak and paltry compared to the great love that Aslan has for her, and so on and so forth, all demonstrate the presence and importance of love in the books.

Still, with His Dark Materials languishing, ironically enough, in Hollywood’s development hell, Pullman’s got to do something to get attention and keep sales up!

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Revelation Study #4: Letter to the Church in Thyatira

By Caleb | October 23, 2005

I’m carrying on with republishing my notes on my Bible studies on Revelation that I did after spending a week looking at that interesting book on Contagious. I wrote this back in January 2004.

Revelation Recap #4: Letter to the Church in Thyatira
Chapter 2:18-29

Jesus’ description of himself:

“The Son of God” “Eyes are like blazing fire” “Feet are like burnished bronze”

The way Jesus decribes himself in these letters always relates to what he has to say in showing that he has the power and authority for what he says to the church. Hence, I’ll come back to these descriptions when I come to the parts of his letter they are referring back to. The second and third description refer back to the description of Jesus in Chapter 1, but this is the first time in Revelation that he is referred to as “the son of God”, and this could do with a bit of “unpacking”.

It links into the quote from Psalm 2:9 in verse 27. The psalmist has been asking “Why do the nations conspite and the peoples plot in vain?”, and the immediate context, Psalm 2:7-9 reads:

“I will proclaim the decree of the Lord: He said to me, “You are my Son; today I have become your Father. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession. You will rule them with an iron sceptre; you will dash them to pieces like pottery”

The Old Testament contains various references to Israel being God’s son – other examples are 2 Samuel 7:14 and Hosea 11:1. This is one of the ways in which Jesus identifies himself as fulfilling the Old Testament. Funnily enough, another way in which he does this came up in the sermon I heard this morning: in John 15, Jesus says that he is “the vine”, and image also used of Israel in Pslam 80 and Isaiah 4. But what Jesus is showing here is the passing down of authority. We are now the sons, the children, of God – see John 1:12 and Galatians 4:7, for example.

He praises the church for:

Their deeds, love and faith, service and perserverance, and that they are doing more than at first. Pretty good stuff! We’d do well to follow their example.

He rebukes the church for:

Tolerating “that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. By her teaching, she misleads my servants into sexual immorality and the eating of food sacrificed to idols”.

“Toleration” is something that people today value very highly, but here we see Jesus’ anger at his people being led into sin due to false teaching. We shouldn’t stand by while people teach wrong doctrine leading to sin. This seems particularly striking to me given the current situation regarding divisions in the church about homosexuality, although that is just a symptom of the more serious problem of division over the authority of the Bible. Something to pray about.

Another interesting thing is that the Thyatirans seemingly chased after deeper knowledge. – “Satan’s so-called deep secrets”. Many a dodgy doctrine comes from new ideas that supposedly allow us to be more deeply spiritual, and so on. In reality, the Bible teaches that “All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be throughly equipped for every good work”. While other sources – tradition, wise teachers, books and so on – are often helpful so far as they agree with Scripture, everything we need for living a godly life is in his Word.

Also, according to “The Returning King“, the word used in the Greek for “burnished bronze” appears nowhere else, and may be the trade name for the special kind of bronze made by Thyatira’s guild of bronze workers using a secret process, so Jesus is demonstrating his knowledge of all things. The eyes of balzing fire also represent his knowledge of peoples “hearts and minds” (v23).

What Jesus promises:

He promises both punishment and reward, a recurring theme through Revelation. But there is always the opportunity to repent. I heard that the name “Methuselah” (who died in the year the Flood occured, taking all the ages in the genealogies in Genesis literally) translates to something like “God will judge” – appropriately, he was the longest-lived man in the Bible!

Jesus promises that he will “give authority over the nations… just as I have received authority from my Father”. This is where the whole “Son of God” business comes in – it shows us that he does have that authority, and that he can give authority to us. We are the “sons of God”, and through Jesus, and then through us, the rebellion against God will cease, as we see in Psalm 2 God has planned. This then relates to the whole idea of the Kingdom of God – we should live our lives under God’s kingship, that is, obeying his teaching, and seek to bring others into the kingdom, that is, them becoming Christians and giving their lives to him.

So there we are – Jesus has knowledge and authority, which he passes on to us. Praise the Lord! We need to hold to his true word, and seek to “dash to pieces” the rebellion against God, by changing our behaviour and by seeking to tell others about him and bring them to Christ. I know I’ve got plenty to work on there!

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NetNarrow – block out that pesky world!

By Caleb | October 22, 2005

While browsing a discussion on Ship of Fools about ridiculous disclaimers, I found a link to this article about how Americans are getting annoyed at the increasingly international flavour of the Internet. Here’s an extract:

Sensing a market opportunity, Net Nanny, makers of Net Nanny filtering software, announced this week it will introduce NetNarrow, an English-only product that automatically filters out content that appears to be international. Specifically, the software looks for world datelines and keywords indicative of irrelevant foreign stories, including “Shiite,” “post-Apartheid,” and “Bob Geldof.”

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Recent loves and hates

By Caleb | October 22, 2005

I don’t think this is generally a whingy blog, but there are a few recent niggles that I could do with getting off my chest. But don’t worry, I’ll then talk about some stuff that I’ve enjoyed recently to bring some sweetness and light back onto the blog.

Things that I’ve been annoyed by recently:

  • Fussy newsagents

In the Humanities Café the other day, I was looking at the newspaper rack and picked up a copy of The Guardian to examine the front page, only to be immediately pounced upon by the woman on the till who said I wasn’t allowed to read it unless I was going to buy it. I replied that I didn’t know whether I was going to buy it until I’d looked at the front page to see if it looked worth buying, but unfortunately she didn’t buy my argument. Honestly. I could understand if I’d opened it up and was reading through the thing, but reading the front page? I told her that if I wasn’t going to buy any of her papers without having any basis on which to make a decision, and went over to the Union shop where I could examine the papers without complaint. I often don’t buy a paper until I’ve looked at them and found one that looks interesting to me that day, so shopkeepers who get so precious about their papers are really shooting themselves in the foot.

  • Unhelpful bureacrats

In an unfortunate sequel to the saga of my missing phone (which also annoyed me, but that story deserves its own telling, I lost my wallet. What’s annoying is the way that people behind desks don’t seem to appreciate the implications of this fact. If I have lost my wallet, then no, I don’t have any other cards to my NUS on me, because they were in my wallet too. Particularly irritating is the way that the rules and those who carry them out are too inflexible to allow common sense to be applied in such situations, resulting in much inconvenience in borrowing library books, going into the Union bar and so on.

  • Setting up broadband

Why do computers have to be so moronically uncooperative? They’re almost as bad as bureacrats, but not as satisfying to shout at. The hassles I’ve had over the last couple of days in setting up wifi and broadband access have been endless. I think everything is working now, but I thought that on Thursday evening just before my computer’s internet connection suddenly and mysteriously stopped working for no apparent reason.

Things that I’ve enjoyed recently:

  • Debating the use of child soldiers with Swithin

I had a great time on Thursday evening in the Debating Society. The motion was “This House Would Support the Use of Child Soldiers in Warfare”, and the already (in)famous Swithin . Swithin is a first-year Economics student, and is one of those people often described as a “character”. He’s very confrontational in his opinions, perhaps sounding rather pompous, though he says “I’m not pompous. I merely have an air of authority”. This sounds rather alarming, but he is actually a nice guy with a sense of humour. And he had the job of laying out “the policy”, what exactly his side was arguing for…

Children would be enrolled in military school at 4 years old (it wasn’t clear how they’d be recruited – conscription, perhaps?), to be deployed on the battlefield at 10 years old, or earlier if they were mature enough. A dedicated miniature arms industry would be created to manufacture special small guns for young hands . This army would enable us to liberate the people of tyrannical regimes, as in Zimbabwe and North Korea. Children would be able to reach those places that ordinary soldiers can’t reach, like small holes. Using children is a more efficient because it only takes ten years to replace a 10-year old as opposed to thirty to replace a 30-year old. And, of course, nobody would suspect them of being spies at such a tender age.

The Debate got progressively more ridiculous, as the proposals became crazier and crazier, and as summation speaker for the opposition, I had the job of summing the whole thing up. Lio and I had great fun ripping the proposition argument to shreds in our speeches. If only we could have recorded the debate. It would make great listening if broadcast on the student radio station. The judge gave Swithin a bit of a telling-off for going against “the spirit of the debate” or somesuch, but I salute him for providing such a good night’s entertainment.

  • Walking in the hills above Cardiff today

The Navs, that wonderful group of Christians who meet for discipleship through small group Bible study, had a social today – a walk up in the hills above Cardiff. With heavy rain last night and a severe weather warning for Sunday until Wednesday, we approached the walk with some trepidation. But we needn’t have worried, since we had an uncharacteristically bright and sunny day today. It was really nice to get out of the city and out into the fields and woodlands, and to have good company and conversation as we wandered our way along the walk.

On our way we stopped at a pub for drinks on the other side of the hill, and further round we came out on a hillside with a magnificent view – you can see across from Newport and the Severn Bridge to Cardiff and beyond, with the Severn estuary stretched out in front of us and the strange and foreign land of England beyond it.

  • The Curse of the Were-Rabbit

Wallace and Gromit are back! This film is hilariously funny, full of very British humour. Fun, exciting and action-packed, with a hint of romance, this is a wonderful film. It’s one of the funniest films I’ve seen – certainly better than Aardman’s previous feature length effort Chicken Run, and up there with comedy greats like Shrek. Dogwarts school, indeed…

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Caleb’s Blog Reloaded

By Caleb | October 21, 2005

Well, I’ve not been updating my blog terribly frequently, partly due to the hassle of having to go and find a computer in a library or somewhere on which to access the Internet. But now my housemates and I have got broadband set up and connected in our house here in Cardiff, so I should be updating with a bit more frequency. I will hopefully be telling you the Saga of my Missing Phone and my thoughts on my course, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit and annoying shop keepers who won’t let you read the front page of a paper.

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Fame at last!

By Caleb | October 12, 2005

Not for me, but for the Hall Group leaders of Cardiff Christian Union, who currently have pride of place on the UCCF home page!

The motley crew
Top row, left to right: Steve M, my housemate; Kerry B, one of the Relay workers; Becky L; Ben R, another of my housemates; Jamie D; another Relay worker whose name I really should remember; Carol and Alison.
Below, left to right: Ian N-S, yet another of my housemates; Rob; Rachel; Katie (I think – or is her name Helen?); Claire; Jenny and Jenny. And the very fetching picture being held by Jamie is of Olly. Apologies to any people whose names I’ve missed out or got wrong!

So fame at last… let’s hope it won’t go to their heads!

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Enjoying Children’s Literature

By Caleb | October 7, 2005

There’s a well-timed article on Boundless, a Christian webzine for students, entitled Lessons from a Bear of Very Little Brain: The Place of Children’s Literature in Education, what with me starting studying children’s literature this very week. Sam Torode speaks of how reading Winnie the Pooh was the most important thing he did in his four years of college (yes, it’s an American site, but don’t let that put you off!), and how he and a friend set up the A A Milne Society for the reading aloud of Winnie the Pooh.

Here’s perhaps the heart of the articles:

Above all, the A. A. Milne Society taught us to take delight in literature, to read and listen for the sheer joy of it. Sadly, most English teachers possess a superhuman ability to make great literature seem dull (no small feat). Primarily, this is accomplished through various methods of critical analysis. By explaining the “meaning” of “texts,” reducing beautiful writing to abstract rules of grammar, and deciphering poetic symbolism as if it were mathematical code, English teachers transform living works of art into so many corpses waiting to be dissected. Such methods and systems do not only render literature dull; they are also counterproductive of true education. As James S. Taylor states in his study of the philosophy of education, Poetic Knowledge, “there can be no real advancement in knowledge unless it first begin in leisure or wonder, where the controlling motive throughout remains to be delight and love.”

This has always been my pet hate when studying literature. When taught and studied badly, the most wonderful and moving writing can have all its life and joy and true meaning sucked out of it. One of the reasons I’m so looking forward to studying children’s literature is because I love these books, and one of the reasons I’m nervous about it is because I don’t want the terrible vampire of loveless analysis.

However, I do feel the article might be in danger of overstating the affect of study, of over-romanticising the way books should be read. Critical analysis, properly done, deepens one’s appreciation of a piece of writing. Looking at, for example, the grammar of beautiful writing should be an exercise in discovering the skill that has gone into crafting something of beauty, and something that reveals new facets and nuances unseen.

An overly subjective view of literature can impoverish it just as much as an overly objective view of literature. Novels become mere literary chocolate bars for the gratification of the reader. If the subjective experience of the reader is glorified, then it is at the expense of the author and his work. Part of the proper humility we should have as readers is to seek to allow a work to speak as the author wrote it, rather than seeking to bend it to our own subjective whims. Writing is an act of communication, and reading an act of listening. The study of literature should be listening hard, and listening carefully. That musn’t become a dry exercise, but in our rush to avoid dry objectivism, we musn’t fall into the trap of chasing merely the emotional experience of reading to the neglect of the real content.

I really enjoy reading children’s literature. Somehow authors seem to feel much more free to write something unashamedly entertaining (or in the terms of Torode’s article, a thing of “leisure” as opposed to pre-packaged entertainments of computer games and television) when writing for children than for adults. Or rather, to make it unashamedly entertaining without making it a comedy – adult writers often seem to labour under the delusion that entertainment is not a serious business.

I’m not meaning to imply that children’s books are just simple pleasures compared to the real, grown-up meaty literature. To take an example, Chris Wooding‘s adult fantasy novels, The Braided Path trilogy, although painting a vivid world, are rambling and slightly dull. Although perhaps bigger, more “complex” stories in some ways, they both lack the discipline, focus and pace of his young adult books like The Haunting of Alaizabel Cray and Poison, and also are less thematically interesting. Haunting tackles themes of belief, hope and despair, at the same time as telling a roundly entertaining monster story, while Poison is a riff on fairytales and fantasy that explores questions of fiction, reality and freedom. I haven’t read the last book in the trilogy, but so far Wooding’s adult novels have yet to match the standard of his other works.

Philip Pullman made the claim that children’s literature is the area of fiction that is really “engaging with the big themes of literature” like life and death and love and loss, while adult fiction is caught up with Bridget Jones-style antics of “Does my bum look big in this?” Although that’s something of an unfair generalisation, literature for children and young adults is indeed often at least as bold, interesting and imaginative as that written for adults. I hope that as I study these books over the coming semester, I’ll keep the wonder and joy that are necessary for any serious study.

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Lectures begin

By Caleb | October 6, 2005

Yes, they’ve begun again, albeit at a fairly leisurely pace so far. As you probably know if you’re reading this (hi Mum!), I’m studying English Literature and History, and have just entered my second year. One of the exciting things about this is that I get to choose which modules of work I want to do. So what did I pick? Here’s my list:

English Literature

  • Introduction to Children’s Literature (10 credits, Autumn semester only)
  • Myth and Saga (10 credits, Spring semester only)
  • Critical Theory I and II (10 credits each, Autumn and Spring semesters)
  • Creative Writing I and II (10 credits each, Autumn and Spring semesters)

History

  • Heresy and Dissent (30 credits over the two semesters)
  • Wales, Ireland and the Viking World (30 credits over the two semesters)

Which comes to a total of 120 credits, 60 in each subject. Credits are a way of measuring the relative size of the module, but it all gets a bit confusing if you try and work out the relative workloads and stuff, because of the different sizes and lengths between the two subjects. I did all the sums on the back of a handout when I got home the other day and have tried to plan a timetable accordingly to give a guide on when I should be working on each subject. But it’s main use will probably be in making me guilty so that I will try and work more when I fail miserably at keeping to it!I’ve now had my first lecture in each of the subjects, and all of them look promising. In particular, I think I’m going to really enjoy Introduction to Children’s Literature. I really enjoy loads of children’s and young adult’s books, so I can read and study stuff that I enjoy as part of my course. But I got some funny looks from parents when I sat on one of the little plastic seats by the box of picture books in Cathays library, reading through them the other day!This afternoon I had Creative Writing. My ambition is to be a writer – though ambition perhaps understates it. I am determined, with a stubborn, cast-iron certainty of my desire to succeed in this, and a concrete resolution to try with all my might and being to honour God through being a writer. Richard Gwyn, of whom third-year student and friend of mine Ian speaks well, is my tutor. Although there was one other guy on the register, he didn’t turn up for some reason and so all the rest of the class were girls. I’m a bit disappointed about that (honest!), and will be sorry if there isn’t any other male input.Anyway, I’m busy this evening, since I need to go to a Societies Council meeting on behalf of the Navs and am then going to Debating. I hope I won’t be too tired – I only realised about the Societies Council yesterday late afternoon, so wasn’t planning on being quite so busy.

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